LINUXOPOLIS
A short summary of building a personal Linux environment.Published with SteemPeak
Screenshot by Willi GlenzCONTENTS
025 • JAVA # NEW
024 • AWK
023 • MEMORY
022 • ONE-LINER & COWSAY
021 • NEOFETCH
020 • VIM
019 • PYTHON
018 • GLANCES
017 • DEBIAN
016 • SCREEN
015 • SHORTCUTS
014 • LINUX-FROM-SCRATCH (LFS)
013 • TOOLBOX
012 • BASHRC
011 • FUZZI FINDER
010 • CRYPTOCURRENCIES
009 • /ETC/FSTAB
008 • ALIASES
007 • RAM-DISK PERMANENT
006 • RAM-DISK TEMPORARY
005 • SOURCES.LIST FOR DEBIAN-STRETCH
004 • SYSTEM UPDATE AND UPGRADE
003 • DCONF-EDITOR
002 • GNOME-TWEAK-TOOL
001 • VIM-MODE in BASH
025 • JAVA
ORACLE-TUTORIALS
Index : docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/reallybigindex.html
Getting Started : docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/getStarted
Language Basics : docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/nutsandbolts/index.html
OOP Concepts : docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/concepts/index.html
Classes and Objects : docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/javaOO/index.html
Annotations : docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/annotations/index.html
Interfaces and Inheritance: docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/IandI/index.html
Numbers and Strings : docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/data/index.html
Generics : docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/generics/index.html
Packages : docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/package/index.html
Exceptions : docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/essential/exceptions/index.html
Basic I/O : docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/essential/io/index.html
Concurrency : docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/essential/concurrency/index.html
Platform Environment: docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/essential/environment/index.html
Regular Expressions : docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/essential/regex/index.html
Collections : docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/collections/index.html
Date & Time : docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/datetime/index.html
Deployment : docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/deployment/index.html
Swing : docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/uiswing/index.html
JavaFX : docs.oracle.com/javase/8/javase-clienttechnologies.htm
Networking : docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/networking/index.html
Generics : docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/extra/generics/index.html
Internationalization: docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/i18n/index.html
JavaBeans : docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/javabeans/index.html
JDBC : docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/jdbc/index.html
RMI : docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/rmi/index.html
Reflection : docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/reflect/index.html
Security : docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/security/index.html
Sound : docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/sound/index.html
2D Graphics : docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/2d/index.html
SWING
• Bradley Kjell : chortle.ccsu.edu/java5/Notes/chap55/ch55_1.html
• TutorialsPoint : tutorialspoint.com/swing/index.htm
• Oracle Trail : docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/uiswing/
JavaFX
• Oracle : docs.oracle.com/javase/8/javase-clienttechnologies.htm
024 • AWK
$ awk 'BEGIN { print "Don\47t Panic!" }'
$ awk -F: '{ print $1 }' /etc/passwd | sort | tee user.txt
$ awk -F: '$1 == "userxyz" { print $0 }' /etc/passwd
$ awk -F: '/userxyz|root/ { print $0 }' /etc/passwd
INSTALLATION
# apt-get install gawk gawk-doc
$ dpkg -L gawk-doc | less
> file:///usr/share/doc/gawk-doc/gawk-html/index.html#Top
DOKUMENTATION
• Manual : gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/gawk.html
• Tutorial I : tutorialspoint.com/awk/index.htm
• Tutorial II : tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/sedawk.html
023 • MEMORY
SYSTEM-INFORMATION
$ top $ htop $ atop $ glances
$ watch free -h
$ less /proc/meminfo
$ cat /proc/sys/vm/swappiness
# sysctl -a
TROUBLESHOOTING
# sysctl -a
# sysctl vm.swappiness=15
# sysctl -a
# sysctl -a
# bash -c "sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
# sysctl -p
# sysctl -a
022 • ONE-LINER & COWSAY
INSTALLATION
$ cp ~/.bashrc ~/.bashrc_old
$ echo 'clear' >> ~/.bashrc
$ echo 'echo' >> ~/.bashrc
$ echo 'neofetch' >> ~/.bashrc
$ echo 'cowsay -W 80 -f moose $(cat ~/bin/oneliner.txt | shuf -n1)' >> ~/.bashrc
$ echo 'echo'
$ . ~/.bashrc
ON-LINER-TEXTFILE
$ vim ~/bin/oneliner.txt
> # bash -c "sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
> $ cat /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f7 | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr
> $ cat /etc/shells
> $ curl wttr.in
> $ mkdir -p Backups/{Sales,Development,HR}/{Jan,Feb,Mar,Apr,May,Jun,Jul,Aug,Sep,Oct,Nov,Dec}/{Sun,Mon,Tue,Wed,Thu,Fri,Sat}
> # mkdir -p /mnt/ram; mount -t tmpfs tmpfs /mnt/ram -o size=8192M
> $ mkdir -p dummy/{1..100}/{1..100}
> $ watch -d -n 5 ls -l
> $ watch free -h
:wq
021 • NEOFETCH
$ apt-cache search neofetch
$ apt-cache show neofetch
# apt install neofetch
$ cp ~/.bashrc ~/.bashrc_old
$ \ls -lisa ~/.bashrc*
$ echo "neofetch" >> ~/.bashrc
$ . ~/.bashrc
---
$ inxi -v1
020 • VIM
SOURCES
• Homepage - vim.org
• Reference - vimhelp.org/quickref.txt.html
• Documentation I - vimhelp.org
• Documentation II - vimhelp.org/usr_toc.txt.html
• FAQ - vimhelp.org/vim_faq.txt.html
• Wiki - vim.wikia.com/wiki/Vim_Tips_Wiki
• Bram Moolenaar - moolenaar.net/habits.html
• Ben McCormick I - benmccormick.org/2014/06/30/learning-vim-in-2014-the-basics
• Ben McCormick II - benmccormick.org/2014/07/02/learning-vim-in-2014-vim-as-language
• TutorialsPoint - tutorialspoint.com/vim/index.htm
INSTALLATION
# apt-get install vim gvim vim-doc vim-scripts
$ dpkg -L vim-doc
# update-alternatives --config editor
$ vim --version | less
CONFIGURATION
# update-alternatives --config editor
$ vim ~/.bashrc
> EDITOR=/usr/bin/vim
> VISUAL=$EDITOR
> export EDITOR VISUAL
VIMRC
$ vim ~/.vimrc
> syntax on syntax off
> set nu nonu
> set relativenumber norelativenumber
> set cursorline nocursorline
> set incsearch noincsearch
> set showmode noshowmode
> set showcmd noshowcmd
> set ruler noruler
> set hls nohls
> set background=dark
> set encoding=utf8
> set mouse=a
> set autoindent
> set tabstop=3
> set softtabstop=3
> set shiftwidth=3
> set expandtab
> nmap <leader>w :w!<cr>
> map <F2> :echo 'Current time is ' . strftime('%c')<CR>
> map <F5> :set list!<CR>
> map <F6> :setlocal spell! spelllang=en_us<CR>
> :ab psvm public static void main(String[] args) {<CR>}<Esc>ko
> :ab sysout System.out.println("");<Esc>2hi
VIM-SESSION
01 tutorial $ firefox vim-adventures.com &
"" tutorial II $ vimtutor en
02 docu $ man vim
"" docu II $ firefox file:///usr/share/doc/vim-doc/html/index.html &
"" docu III :help user-manual • ^] ^o
"" docu IV :help edit :help grep ^d ^u
03 buffer $ ^xe
"" buffer :edit
"" buffer $ vim -O ~/.vimrc ~/.bashrc ^ww ^wr ^wc ^wq
"" buffer $ vim ~/.bashrc ~/.bashrc :args :ls :next :previous :n :N
"" buffer :buffers :badd :b1 :b2 :bn :bp :bf :bl
04 motion ^d ^u H M L zz zb zt z<enter> z- l h j k
05 insert i I s S a A o O C
06 window :set nu nonu
"" window :set relativenumber norelativenumber
"" window :set hls nohls *
"" window :set ruler noruler
"" window :set linebreak nolinebreak
"" window :call matchadd('colorColumn', '\%81v', 100)
"" window ^ws ^wv ^wr ^wc ^wq
"" window gg G ^g 50% ^e ^y ^n ^u ^d ^f ^b
07 repeat .
08 macro qa :reg a @a
09 clipboard vj"+y
10 search / f * #<br>:set incsearch :nhls
11 change ~
"" change :%s/one/two/g
"" change :set hls <enter> * cw<esc> n :set nohls <enter>
"" change ci( ci{ ci<
12 delete x d$ diw dit di" dip das
13 undo redo u U ^r
14 match [InsertMode] ^n
15 abbreviate :ab :abc :unab ^v
16 mark m1 '1 `1 marks
17 fold zf5j zo zc zd
18 visual v ^v
19 text objects iw it i" ip as f F t T /
99 exit :wq :q! ZZ ZQ
INSERT MODE
i : Insert text before the cursor.
I : Insert text before the first non-blank in the line.
s : Delete character under the cursor and start insert mode.
S : Delete line and start insert mode.
a : Enter insert mode after cursor.
A : Enter insert mode at the end of the line.
o : Enter insert mode on the next line.
O : Enter insert mode on th above line.
C : Delete from cursor to end of line and begin insert.
TEXT OBJECTS
iw : inner word
it : inner tag
i" : inner quotes
ip : inner paragraph
i{ : inner brackets
as : a sentence
f,F
t,T
/
ABBREVIATIONS
:ab psvm public static void main(String[] args) {<CR>}<Esc>ko
:ab sysout System.out.println("");<Esc>2hi
^v : deaktivate ab
019 • PYTHON
INSTALL ALTERNATIVE
$ python<tab><tab>
$ python --version
# update-alternatives --list python
# update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python2.7 1
# update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.5 2
# update-alternatives --list python
$ python --version
CHANGE/DELETE ALTERNATIVE
# update-alternatives --config python
# update-alternatives --remove python /usr/bin/python2.7
018 • GLANCES
$ apt-cache search glances
# apt install glances glances-doc
$ apt-cache show glances
$ man glances
$ dpkg -L glances
$ w3m /usr/share/doc/glances/html/quickstart.html
ALTERNATIVE
• Github : github.com/nicolargo/glances
# pip install --upgrade glances
017 • DEBIAN
Homepage : debian.org
Download : debian.org/distrib/netinst#smallcd
Tutorials : debiantutorials.com
DistroWatch : distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=debian
w3Tech : w3techs.com
Debian News : debian.org/News
Debian Security : debian.org/security/#DSAS
Debian Version $ cat /etc/debian_version
Package Documentation : /usr/share/doc
Sources List Generator : debgen.simplylinux.ch
Debian Backports : backports.org
DOCUMENTATION
• Documentation : debian.org/doc
• Installation Guide : debian.org/releases/stable/amd64/
• Release Notes : debian.org/releases/stable/amd64/release-notes/
• FAQ : debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-faq/
• Wiki : wiki.debian.org/FrontPage
• Debian & Java : debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-java-faq/index.en.html
• Securing Debian : debian.org/doc/manuals/securing-debian-howto/index.en.html
• Menu System : debian.org/doc/packaging-manuals/menu.html/ch1.html
• Networking HowTo : tldp.org/HOWTO/NET3-4-HOWTO.html
• Gnome : help.gnome.org
• Reference Card # apt install debian-refcard
$ dpkg -L debian-refcard | less
$ w3m /usr/share/doc/debian-refcard/index.html
• Reference : debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/
# apt install debian-reference-en
$ dpkg -L debian-reference-en
$ w3m /usr/share/doc/debian-reference/docs/index.en.html
• Handbook : debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-handbook/
# apt install debian-handbook
$ dpkg -L debian-handbook | less
$ w3m /usr/share/doc/debian-handbook/html/en-US/index.html
016 • SCREEN
# apt install screen
DOCUMENTATION
$ man screen
$ w3m gnu.org/software/screen/manual/screen.html
• ctrl a? : Keybindings
SESSIONS
$ screen -S firstsession glances
$ screen -X -S firstsession quit
$ screen -ls : List screen sessions
$ screen -r : Reattaching
$ screen -x : Attach to a not detached screen session
• ctrl ad : Detach session
• ctrl ax : Lock session
WINDOWS
• ctrl ac : Create window
• ctrl aA : Rename window
• ctrl aa : Toggle window
• ctrl a[0 .. 9] : Toggle window
• ctrl a| : Split window vertically
• ctrl aS : Split window horizontally
• ctrl aX : Kill pane
• ctrl an : Next window
• ctrl ap : Previous window
• ctrl ak : Kill window
• ctrl a\ : Kill all windows
• ctrl aw : Window bar
• ctrl a" : Window list
• ctrl ah : Hardcopy
EXAMPLE
$ screen -S firstsession
• ctrl aS
• ctrl a|
$ htop
• ctrl a<tab>
• ctrl ac
$ atop
• ctrl <tab>
• ctrl ac
$ df -hT
CONFIGURATION
# vim /etc/screenrc
$ vim ~/.screenrc
015 • SHORTCUTS
DAILY USE
• <ctrl>+z fg bg jobs <ctrl>+u <ctrl>+k <ctrl>+w <alt>+. <bash-vim-mode>
CHARACTER
• ctrl f : Move forward one character
• ctrl b : Move backward one character
• ctrl h : Generate a backspace character
• ctrl d : Delete one character
EDITOR
• ctrl xe : Editor
DESKTOP
• alt F2 : Run Command
HISTORY
• ctrl r : Search from history searching mode
• ctrl g : Escape from history searching mode
• alt . : Use the last word of the previous command
LINE
• esc # : Making the line a comment
• ctrl a : Go to the beginning of the line
• ctrl e : Go to the end of the line
• ctrl xx : Move between start of commandline and current position and back again
• ctrl eu : Clear the line
• ctrl k : Delete from cursor to the end of the line
• ctrl u : Delete from cursor to the start of the line
TERMINAL
$ gnome-terminal
• ctrl alt F3
• reset : Reset the terminal
• ctrl d or exit : Exit the terminal
• shutdown -h now : Shut down the system
SCREEN
• ctrl +- : Size
• ctrl l : Clear the screen
• ctrl s : Stop output to the screen
• ctrl q : Allow output to the screen
014 • LINUX-FROM-SCRATCH (LFS)
SOURCES
• Homepage : linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/index.html
• Download : linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/downloads/stable/
• Online-Book : linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/view/stable/
• DistroWatch : distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=lfs
PROJECTS
• Linux From Scratch : linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/
• Beyond Linux From Scratch : linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/
• Automated Linux From Scratch : linuxfromscratch.org/alfs/
• Cross Linux From Scratch : trac.clfs.org/
STEPS
03 Virtualbox : # apt install virtualbox
02 Debian Live-CD : cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/current-live/amd64/iso-hybrid/
01 RTFM : linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/view/stable/
013 • TOOLBOX
# apt install ...
A - alacarte atop aview
B - backintime-qt4 bluefish boostnote
C - calcurse clipit cherrytree cmus
E - espeak
F - firmware-iwlwifi firmware-realtek focuswriter fzf
G - gdebi gkrellm glances gnome-clocks gnome-do gparted grsync guake
H - htop hwinfo
I - inxi i3-wm
K - kismet
L - libreoffice links lsd lvm2
M - mc menulibre
N - netcat net-tools nmap
P - powertop printer-driver-cups
R - ranger
S - screen sudo syncthing
T - taskwarrior terminator timeshift timewarrior tripwire
V - veracrypt* vim virtualbox vym
W - w3m
Y - youtube-dl
012 • BASHRC
$ vim ~/.bashrc
> HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth:erasedups
> alias h='clear; echo; history 30; echo'
> set -o vi
> bind -m vi-insert "\C-l":clear-screen
> EDITOR=/usr/bin/vim
> VISUAL=$EDITOR
> export EDITOR VISUAL
011 • FUZZI FINDER
$ fzf -e --preview 'head -100 {}'
010 • CRYPTOCURRENCIES
$ curl rate.sx
$ curl rate.sx/btc@3d
$ curl rate.sx/steem@3d
009 • /ETC/FSTAB
# blkid
# vim /etc/fstab
> #RAMDISK
> none /media/ramdisk tmpfs nodev,nosuid,noexec,nodiratime,size=1024M 0 0
008 • ALIASES
$ vim ~/.bashrc
> a='clear; echo; alias; echo'
> b='clear; curl rate.sx/btc@3d'
> c='clear; echo'
> cc='clear; ncal -3wy'
> cdh='\cd; clear; echo; lsd -l; echo'
> e='clear; cd ~/Apps; ./eclipse &'
> g='clear; glances'
> h='clear; echo; history 30; echo'
> l='clear; echo; lsd -l; echo'
> ls='clear; echo; lsd -l; echo'
> py='clear; python3'
> r='ranger'
> rs='clear; rsync -avzP --delete --stats --exclude-from "/home/user/.exclude.txt" /home/user/ /media/backup/'
> s='clear; curl rate.sx/steem@3d'
> ss='clear; curl rate.sx/steem@3d; gnome-screenshot -ac'
> t='clear; task; timew week; timew summary'
> tm='clear; timew month'
> tt='clear; task burndown.daily'
> ttt='clear; task calendar 2019'
> tw='timew'
> u='clear; sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade; sudo apt-get autoremove -yy'
:wq
007 • RAM-DISK PERMANENT
# mkdir -p /media/ramdisk
# vim /etc/fstab
> none /media/ramdisk tmpfs nodev,nosuid,noexec,nodiratime,size=1024M 0 0
# mount -a
$ mount | column -t
006 • RAM-DISK TEMPORARY
# mkdir -p /media/ramdisk
$ mount | column -t
# mount -t tmpfs -o size=1024M tmpfs /media/ramdisk
# mount -a
$ mount | column -t
005 • SOURCES.LIST FOR DEBIAN-STRETCH
• # vim /etc/apt/sources.list
• # Security updates
• deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security stretch/updates main contrib non-free
• deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security stretch/updates main contrib non-free
• # Base repository
• deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ stretch main contrib non-free
• deb-src http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ stretch main contrib non-free
• # Stable updates
• deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ stretch-updates main contrib non-free
• deb-src http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ stretch-updates main contrib non-free
• # Stable backports
• deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian stretch-backports main contrib non-free
• deb-src http://ftp.debian.org/debian stretch-backports main contrib non-free
• # Virtualbox
• deb https://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian stretch contrib
004 • SYSTEM UPDATE AND UPGRADE
alias u='clear; sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade; sudo apt-get autoremove -yy'
003 • DCONF-EDITOR
# apt install dconf-editor && apt show dconf-editor
• /org/gnome/terminal/legacy/default-show-menubar
002 • GNOME-TWEAK-TOOL
# apt install gnome-tweak-tool && apt show gnome-tweak-tool
• Typing-Tab > Caps Lock key behaviour > Make Caps Lock an additional ESC|
001 • VIM-MODE in BASH
$ vim ~/.bashrc
• set -o vi
• bind -m vi-insert "\C-l":clear-screen